refactors

backend/utils/__init__.py

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+"""Utility modules for common functionality."""

backend/utils/date_queries.py

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+"""Utilities for date/time query operations."""
+
+from datetime import UTC, date, datetime, time
+
+
+def date_to_start_datetime(d: date) -> datetime:
+    """Convert a date to datetime at start of day (00:00:00) in UTC."""
+    return datetime.combine(d, time.min, tzinfo=UTC)
+
+
+def date_to_end_datetime(d: date) -> datetime:
+    """Convert a date to datetime at end of day (23:59:59.999999) in UTC."""
+    return datetime.combine(d, time.max, tzinfo=UTC)
+
+
+def date_range_to_datetime_range(
+    start_date: date, end_date: date
+) -> tuple[datetime, datetime]:
+    """
+    Convert a date range to datetime range.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (start_datetime, end_datetime) where:
+        - start_datetime is start_date at 00:00:00 UTC
+        - end_datetime is end_date at 23:59:59.999999 UTC
+    """
+    return date_to_start_datetime(start_date), date_to_end_datetime(end_date)

backend/utils/enum_validation.py

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+"""Utilities for validating enum values from strings."""
+
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+from exceptions import BadRequestError
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=Enum)
+
+
+def validate_enum(enum_class: type[T], value: str, field_name: str = "value") -> T:
+    """
+    Validate and convert string to enum.
+
+    Args:
+        enum_class: The enum class to validate against
+        value: The string value to validate
+        field_name: Name of the field for error messages
+
+    Returns:
+        The validated enum value
+
+    Raises:
+        BadRequestError: If the value is not a valid enum member
+    """
+    try:
+        return enum_class(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        valid_values = ", ".join(e.value for e in enum_class)
+        raise BadRequestError(
+            f"Invalid {field_name}: {value}. Must be one of: {valid_values}"
+        ) from None